For a time A. L. Manley published a Negro newspaper at Wilmington, N. C., but during a race riot in that city a number of years ago, he was driven out, and his office burned to the ground. He lived as a white man some years.⁴⁵

Free speech on the Negro problem has been a more serious issue for white sympathizers than for the Negroes. This is especially true of teachers.

Professor Emory Slade was compelled to resign from Emory College in Georgia because he published an article in the “Atlantic Monthly” taking a point of view not supported by the majority of Southern sentiment…. Professor John Spencer Bassett was saved from a forced resignation from Trinity College in North Carolina after a lively fight in the Board of Trustees, which left Trinity with the reputation of being one of the freest institutions in the South…. George W. Cable, the novelist, was practically forced to leave the South because he advocated “the continual and diligent elevation of that lower man which human society is constantly precipitating,” and advocated justice for the negro.⁴⁶

Harvey Jordan, professor of embryology in the University of Virginia, was called upon to resign by the press in Virginia for some biological observations concerning Negroes published in a scientific journal. He was supported by his university but gave up the line of research that embarrassed him.

Two cases of more active measures taken against white advocates of Negro rights in the South may be noted though they occur after 1917.

Austin, Texas, August 22, 1919. John R. Shillady, of New York, secretary of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, was severely beaten in front of a hotel here to-day and ordered to catch the first train out of town … following a meeting held with Negroes by Shillady.

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