that they had been used as missiles against them … the prosecuting attorney denounced it as wanton murder … and the men were indicted for murder in the second degree…. Mary Frazakas was shot in an early morning parade of the strikers (probably by a militiaman).¹²

A United States Bureau of Labor report on a Pennsylvania strike contains this testimony by a sheriff as to the State Constabulary.

The State Constabulary shot down an innocent man, Joseph Szambos, who was not on the streets but who was in the Majestic Hotel, when one of the troopers rode up on the pavement at the hotel door, and fired two shots into the bar-room … shooting one man through the mouth, … Szambos, through the head…. There was no disturbance of any kind….

One of the troopers jumped off his horse, caught a man by the throat, pulled his collar and tie off, without any reason as I have been told and turned him over as a prisoner to a police-officer…. No charge has been preferred to date (Feb. 26th to March 24th). I kept this man until the afternoon and released him on a cash bail of $25.00.¹³

J. H. Maurer¹⁴ gives other details and C.D. Wright tells of a picturesque uprising of 1,100 unpaid deputies during a miner's strike … their martial adventures and progress in search of their pay, amply justifying the term “mercenaries.”

One use of detectives to instigate such violence that the law might be brought down is given in this testimony before the Industrial Commission of 1901.¹⁵

A strike was inaugurated in Vallens' and Co.'s cigar factory…. During the trial (for conspiracy) it developed that the Vallens had entrusted the suppression of the strike to Mooney and Boland's detective agency; that Dittbrenner, in the employ of this agency had pretended to be a cigar-maker, and also pretended he was about to apply to Vallens for work, but permitted himself to be

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