hiring of labor “sluggers.” Many of these are based on affidavits or court records. But this is the extreme statement of the case by employers in an industry noted for the bitterness of its labor struggle. It covers the troubles of four years:

Affidavits, on violence, intimidation, coercion……….	400
Injunctions asked for…………………………………………..	34
Injunctions granted…………………………………………….	34
Approximate contempts charged………………………………	36
Convictions on contempt charges…………………………….	32

A specimen case follows:

Pickets were immediately stationed around the plant to intimidate new employees … from six to twenty or over being around at opening and closing hours. Threats, intimidating tactics, and slugging were employed. Customers of the firm were stopped and questioned with reference to their business associations with the firm and attempts were made to persuade or intimidate these customers to withdraw their patronage. Union pickets followed our delivery wagons to destination and attempted to persuade men not to handle products, especially those in building trades. Attempts were made to get other workers to refuse jobs on this material. The firm was compelled to enclose its entire property with a high board fence and station watchmen at the gates … to employ guards continuously to watch premises and escort workmen in and out … and to their houses…. Firm was forced to open a boarding house upon the premises to house its non-Union men who feared violence if they attempted to leave the plant.⁸

About as serious an interference with personal rights as violence is enforced emigration or deportation. Strikebreakers have been frequent victims. Here is a case:

On July 27, 1903, non-Unionists were forced to leave Victor…. Five Austrian miners from Butte had arrived

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